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Operational Excellence
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- Resources have identified owners
- Processes and procedures have identified owners
- Operations activities have identified owners responsible for their performance
- Team members know what they are responsible for
- Mechanisms exist to identify responsibility and ownership
- Mechanisms exist to request additions, changes, and exceptions
- Responsibilities between teams are predefined or negotiated
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- Executive Sponsorship
- Team members are empowered to take action when outcomes are at risk
- Escalation is encouraged
- Communications are timely, clear, and actionable
- Experimentation is encouraged
- Team members are encouraged to maintain and grow their skill sets
- Resource teams appropriately
- Diverse opinions are encouraged and sought within and across teams
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- Use version control
- Test and validate changes
- Use configuration management systems
- Use build and deployment management systems
- Perform patch management
- Implement practices to improve code quality
- Share design standards
- Use multiple environments
- Make frequent, small, reversible changes
- Fully automate integration and deployment
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- Have a process for continuous improvement
- Perform post-incident analysis
- Implement feedback loops
- Perform knowledge management
- Define drivers for improvement
- Validate insights
- Perform operations metrics reviews
- Document and share lessons learned
- Allocate time to make improvements
- Perform post-incident analysis
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Security
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- Separate workloads using accounts
- Secure account root user and properties
- Identify and validate control objectives
- Keep up-to-date with security recommendations
- Keep up-to-date with security threats
- Identify and prioritize risks using a threat model
- Automate testing and validation of security controls in pipelines
- Evaluate and implement new security services and features regularly
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- Define access requirements
- Grant least privilege access
- Define permission guardrails for your organization
- Manage access based on life cycle
- Establish emergency access process
- Share resources securely within your organization
- Reduce permissions continuously
- Share resources securely with a third party
- Analyze public and cross-account access
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- Perform regular penetration testing
- Deploy software programmatically
- Regularly assess security properties of the pipelines
- Train for Application Security
- Automate testing throughout the development and release lifecycle
- Manual Code Reviews
- Centralize services for packages and dependencies
- Build a program that embeds security ownership in workload teams
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Reliability
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- Be aware of service quotas and constraints in Cloud Services
- Manage service quotas across accounts and Regions
- Accommodate fixed service quotas and constraints through architecture
- Monitor and manage quotas
- Automate quota management
- Ensure sufficient gap between quotas and usage to accommodate failover
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- Use highly available network connectivity for your workload public endpoints
- Provision Redundant Connectivity Between Private Networks in the Cloud and On-Premises Environments
- Ensure IP subnet allocation accounts for expansion and availability
- Prefer hub-and-spoke topologies over many-to-many mesh
- Enforce non-overlapping private IP address ranges in all private address spaces where they are connected
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- Monitor end-to-end tracing of requests through your system
- Conduct reviews regularly
- Analytics
- Automate responses (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Send notifications (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Define and calculate metrics (Aggregation)
- Monitor End-to-End Tracing of Requests Through Your System
- Define and calculate metrics
- Send notifications
- Automate responses
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- Monitor all components of the workload to detect failures
- Fail over to healthy resources
- Automate healing on all layers
- Rely on the data plane and not the control plane during recovery
- Use static stability to prevent bimodal behavior
- Send notifications when events impact availability
- Architect your product to meet availability targets and uptime service level agreements (SLAs)
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Cost Optimization
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- Establish ownership of cost optimization
- Establish a partnership between finance and technology
- Establish cloud budgets and forecasts
- Implement cost awareness in your organizational processes
- Monitor cost proactively
- Keep up-to-date with new service releases
- Quantify business value from cost optimization
- Report and notify on cost optimization
- Create a cost-aware culture
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- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Analyze all components of this workload
- Perform a thorough analysis of each component
- Select components of this workload to optimize cost in line with organization priorities
- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Select software with cost effective licensing
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Performance
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- Learn about and understand available cloud services and features
- Evaluate how trade-offs impact customers and architecture efficiency
- Use guidance from your cloud provider or an appropriate partner to learn about architecture patterns and best practices
- Factor cost into architectural decisions
- Use policies and reference architectures
- Use benchmarking to drive architectural decisions
- Use a data-driven approach for architectural choices
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- Use purpose-built data store that best support your data access and storage requirements
- Collect and record data store performance metrics
- Evaluate available configuration options for data store
- Implement Strategies to Improve Query Performance in Data Store
- Implement data access patterns that utilize caching
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- Understand how networking impacts performance
- Evaluate available networking features
- Choose appropriate dedicated connectivity or VPN for your workload
- Use load balancing to distribute traffic across multiple resources
- Choose network protocols to improve performance
- Choose your workload's location based on network requirements
- Optimize network configuration based on metrics
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- Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure workload health and performance
- Use monitoring solutions to understand the areas where performance is most critical
- Define a process to improve workload performance
- Review metrics at regular intervals
- Load test your workload
- Use automation to proactively remediate performance-related issues
- Keep your workload and services up-to-date
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Sustainability
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- Scale workload infrastructure dynamically
- Align SLAs with sustainability goals
- Optimize geographic placement of workloads based on their networking requirements
- Stop the creation and maintenance of unused assets
- Optimize team member resources for activities performed
- Implement buffering or throttling to flatten the demand curve
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- Optimize software and architecture for asynchronous and scheduled jobs
- Remove or refactor workload components with low or no use
- Optimize areas of code that consume the most time or resources
- Optimize impact on devices and equipment
- Use software patterns and architectures that best support data access and storage patterns
- Remove unneeded or redundant data
- Use technologies that support data access and storage patterns
- Use policies to manage the lifecycle of your datasets
- Use shared file systems or storage to access common data
- Back up data only when difficult to recreate
- Use elasticity and automation to expand block storage or file system
- Minimize data movement across networks
- Implement a data classification policy
- Remove unneeded or redundant data
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- Articles coming soon
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Use guidance from your cloud provider or an appropriate partner to learn about architecture patterns and best practices
PostedDecember 20, 2024
UpdatedMarch 21, 2025
ByKevin McCaffrey
Choosing the right cloud resources and architecture patterns is critical for optimizing performance efficiency. The optimal solution for a workload often involves a combination of various approaches. Utilizing guidance from your cloud provider or partners ensures that your architectural decisions are informed by industry best practices and tailored to your specific needs.
Best Practices
Leverage Cloud Provider Resources
- Utilize documentation provided by your cloud provider to understand available services and recommended architectures.
- Engage with solutions architects who can offer tailored advice based on your specific workload requirements.
- Involve professional services offered by the cloud provider for more complex workloads needing in-depth analysis and support.
- Work with certified partners who have expertise in optimizing architectures for performance in the cloud environment.
- Stay updated with the latest best practices and architecture patterns offered by the cloud provider through webinars, whitepapers, and case studies. This ensures your architecture aligns with current innovations.
Questions to ask your team
- Have you reviewed the latest architectural best practices from your cloud provider?
- Do you have access to a solutions architect or other professional services to assist with your design?
- Are you leveraging any specific architectural frameworks or reference architectures applicable to your workload?
- How often do you revisit and update your architecture based on new features and improvements from your cloud provider?
- Have you engaged with partners who specialize in optimizing cloud workloads for performance?
Who should be doing this?
Cloud Architect
- Assess and understand the specific workload requirements.
- Research and evaluate cloud provider documentation and resources.
- Design and implement architecture patterns that meet performance efficiency guidelines.
- Collaborate with cloud solution architects to refine architectural decisions.
DevOps Engineer
- Implement and optimize cloud resources based on architectural guidelines.
- Monitor performance metrics and identify areas for improvement.
- Integrate feedback loops for continuous refinement of cloud infrastructure.
Project Manager
- Coordinate between stakeholders, architects, and cloud providers.
- Ensure that best practices are followed during the architecture design phase.
- Manage timelines and resources for workload optimization projects.
Technical Consultant
- Provide expertise on architecture patterns and performance optimization techniques.
- Assist in reviewing and validating architecture proposals against best practices.
- Support teams in utilizing cloud provider resources for learning.
What evidence shows this is happening in your organization?
- Performance Efficiency Architecture Checklist: A detailed checklist that guides teams in evaluating their architecture against best practices for performance efficiency, ensuring that the selected resources align with workload requirements.
- Cloud Resource Selection Guide: A comprehensive guide that outlines various cloud resources and architecture patterns, providing insights into when and how to utilize them effectively for optimizing performance.
- Performance Optimization Playbook: A playbook that includes step-by-step strategies and recommendations for leveraging cloud provider resources and partner expertise in enhancing workload performance.
- Architecture Review Report Template: A template for conducting architecture reviews, focusing on performance efficiency and incorporating feedback from cloud provider consultations to refine architecture decisions.
- Cloud Provider Best Practices Matrix: A matrix that maps out various architecture patterns against specific workload types, highlighting cloud provider recommendations for achieving optimal performance.
Cloud Services
AWS
- AWS Well-Architected Tool: Helps you review your workloads against AWS best practices and provides insights for performance efficiency improvements.
- Amazon CloudWatch: Provides monitoring and observability of AWS resources, helping you optimize application performance.
- AWS Lambda: A serverless compute service that automatically scales with your application, offering high performance without managing servers.
Azure
- Azure Advisor: Provides personalized best practices and recommendations to optimize Azure deployments, including performance improvements.
- Azure Monitor: Collects, analyzes, and acts on telemetry data from your Azure resources, aiding in performance efficiency analysis.
- Azure Functions: A serverless computing service that dynamically scales based on demand, enhancing application performance.
Google Cloud Platform
- Google Cloud Architecture Framework: Offers guidelines and best practices for building reliable, secure, and efficient workloads on GCP.
- Google Cloud Monitoring: Provides insight into the performance of applications and infrastructure, facilitating performance optimization.
- Google Cloud Functions: A serverless execution environment that automatically scales, simplifying performance management for applications.
Question: How do you select the appropriate cloud resources and architecture patterns for your workload?
Pillar: Performance Efficiency (Code: PERF)
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