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Operational Excellence
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- Resources have identified owners
- Processes and procedures have identified owners
- Operations activities have identified owners responsible for their performance
- Team members know what they are responsible for
- Mechanisms exist to identify responsibility and ownership
- Mechanisms exist to request additions, changes, and exceptions
- Responsibilities between teams are predefined or negotiated
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- Executive Sponsorship
- Team members are empowered to take action when outcomes are at risk
- Escalation is encouraged
- Communications are timely, clear, and actionable
- Experimentation is encouraged
- Team members are encouraged to maintain and grow their skill sets
- Resource teams appropriately
- Diverse opinions are encouraged and sought within and across teams
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- Use version control
- Test and validate changes
- Use configuration management systems
- Use build and deployment management systems
- Perform patch management
- Implement practices to improve code quality
- Share design standards
- Use multiple environments
- Make frequent, small, reversible changes
- Fully automate integration and deployment
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Security
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- Evaluate and implement new security services and features regularly
- Automate testing and validation of security controls in pipelines
- Identify and prioritize risks using a threat model
- Keep up-to-date with security recommendations
- Keep up-to-date with security threats
- Identify and validate control objectives
- Secure account root user and properties
- Separate workloads using accounts
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- Analyze public and cross-account access
- Manage access based on life cycle
- Share resources securely with a third party
- Reduce permissions continuously
- Share resources securely within your organization
- Establish emergency access process
- Define permission guardrails for your organization
- Grant least privilege access
- Define access requirements
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- Build a program that embeds security ownership in workload teams
- Centralize services for packages and dependencies
- Manual code reviews
- Automate testing throughout the development and release lifecycle
- Train for application security
- Regularly assess security properties of the pipelines
- Deploy software programmatically
- Perform regular penetration testing
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Reliability
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- How do you ensure sufficient gap between quotas and maximum usage to accommodate failover?
- How do you automate quota management?
- How do you monitor and manage service quotas?
- How do you accommodate fixed service quotas and constraints through architecture?
- How do you manage service quotas and constraints across accounts and Regions?
- How do you manage service quotas and constraints?
- How do you build a program that embeds reliability into workload teams?
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- How do you enforce non-overlapping private IP address ranges in all private address spaces?
- How do you prefer hub-and-spoke topologies over many-to-many mesh?
- How do you ensure IP subnet allocation accounts for expansion and availability?
- How do you provision redundant connectivity between private networks in the cloud and on-premises environments?
- How do you use highly available network connectivity for workload public endpoints?
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- Monitor end-to-end tracing of requests through your system
- Conduct reviews regularly
- Analytics
- Automate responses (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Send notifications (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Define and calculate metrics (Aggregation)
- Monitor End-to-End Tracing of Requests Through Your System
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- Monitor all components of the workload to detect failures
- Fail over to healthy resources
- Automate healing on all layers
- Rely on the data plane and not the control plane during recovery
- Use static stability to prevent bimodal behavior
- Send notifications when events impact availability
- Architect your product to meet availability targets and uptime service level agreements (SLAs)
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Cost Optimization
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- Establish ownership of cost optimization
- Establish a partnership between finance and technology
- Establish cloud budgets and forecasts
- Implement cost awareness in your organizational processes
- Monitor cost proactively
- Keep up-to-date with new service releases
- Quantify business value from cost optimization
- Report and notify on cost optimization
- Create a cost-aware culture
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- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Analyze all components of this workload
- Perform a thorough analysis of each component
- Select components of this workload to optimize cost in line with organization priorities
- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Select software with cost effective licensing
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Performance
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- Learn about and understand available cloud services and features
- Evaluate how trade-offs impact customers and architecture efficiency
- Use guidance from your cloud provider or an appropriate partner to learn about architecture patterns and best practices
- Factor cost into architectural decisions
- Use policies and reference architectures
- Use benchmarking to drive architectural decisions
- Use a data-driven approach for architectural choices
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- Use purpose-built data store that best support your data access and storage requirements
- Collect and record data store performance metrics
- Evaluate available configuration options for data store
- Implement Strategies to Improve Query Performance in Data Store
- Implement data access patterns that utilize caching
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- Understand how networking impacts performance
- Evaluate available networking features
- Choose appropriate dedicated connectivity or VPN for your workload
- Use load balancing to distribute traffic across multiple resources
- Choose network protocols to improve performance
- Choose your workload's location based on network requirements
- Optimize network configuration based on metrics
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- Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure workload health and performance
- Use monitoring solutions to understand the areas where performance is most critical
- Define a process to improve workload performance
- Review metrics at regular intervals
- Load test your workload
- Use automation to proactively remediate performance-related issues
- Keep your workload and services up-to-date
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Sustainability
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- Optimize geographic placement of workloads based on their networking requirements
- Align SLAs with sustainability goals
- Optimize geographic placement of workloads based on their networking requirements
- Stop the creation and maintenance of unused assets
- Optimize team member resources for activities performed
- Implement buffering or throttling to flatten the demand curve
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- Optimize software and architecture for asynchronous and scheduled jobs
- Remove or refactor workload components with low or no use
- Optimize areas of code that consume the most time or resources
- Optimize impact on devices and equipment
- Use software patterns and architectures that best support data access and storage patterns
- Remove unneeded or redundant data
- Use technologies that support data access and storage patterns
- Use policies to manage the lifecycle of your datasets
- Use shared file systems or storage to access common data
- Back up data only when difficult to recreate
- Use elasticity and automation to expand block storage or file system
- Minimize data movement across networks
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- Articles coming soon
Diverse opinions are encouraged and sought within and across teams
Encouraging and Seeking Diverse Opinions
Encouraging and seeking diverse opinions from within and across teams fosters innovation, challenges existing assumptions, and reduces the risk of confirmation bias. By leveraging cross-organizational diversity, organizations can gain multiple perspectives, leading to more robust decision-making and improved solutions. Promoting inclusion, diversity, and accessibility ensures that teams can draw on a broad range of experiences and insights.
Leverage Cross-Organizational Diversity
Encourage collaboration across different teams and departments to bring in diverse perspectives. Cross-functional collaboration helps bring in unique viewpoints that may not be available within a single team. By seeking input from various parts of the organization, teams can challenge their assumptions and improve the quality of decision-making.
Encourage Inclusion and Diversity
Grow inclusion, diversity, and accessibility within your teams to create an environment where all voices are heard and valued. By actively promoting diversity, organizations can ensure that a wide range of experiences and perspectives contribute to decision-making, leading to more innovative and effective solutions.
Seek Multiple Perspectives for Innovation
Encourage team members to share their perspectives and challenge existing ideas. By creating an open and safe environment where different viewpoints are valued, organizations can enhance creativity and drive innovation. Diverse opinions help identify blind spots and reveal opportunities for improvement that may otherwise be overlooked.
Reduce Confirmation Bias
Actively seek input from individuals with different experiences, backgrounds, and expertise to reduce the risk of confirmation bias. Diverse perspectives can help identify weaknesses in current strategies and challenge preconceived notions, resulting in more balanced and informed decision-making.
Supporting Questions
- How does the organization leverage diversity to seek multiple perspectives?
- What initiatives are in place to promote inclusion, diversity, and accessibility within teams?
- How are diverse opinions used to challenge assumptions and drive innovation?
Roles and Responsibilities
Team Member
Responsibilities:
- Contribute diverse perspectives during discussions and decision-making.
- Actively listen to and consider viewpoints from other team members.
Team Lead
Responsibilities:
- Create a safe and inclusive environment where diverse opinions are encouraged and valued.
- Facilitate cross-functional collaboration to bring in perspectives from different parts of the organization.
Diversity Champion
Responsibilities:
- Promote diversity, inclusion, and accessibility initiatives within the organization.
- Encourage participation from team members of different backgrounds to ensure that all voices are heard.
Artifacts
- Diversity and Inclusion Plan: A plan outlining the initiatives in place to promote diversity, inclusion, and accessibility within teams.
- Perspective-Seeking Guidelines: Guidelines on how to seek and incorporate diverse perspectives during decision-making processes.
- Collaboration Record: A record of cross-functional collaboration activities, documenting how diverse input has influenced decision-making and outcomes.
Relevant AWS Tools
Collaboration and Communication Tools
- Amazon Chime: Facilitates virtual meetings and discussions, allowing team members from different parts of the organization to share their perspectives.
- AWS WorkDocs: Stores documents related to diversity and inclusion initiatives, collaboration records, and meeting notes, ensuring accessibility to all team members.
Training and Awareness Tools
- AWS Training and Certification: Offers training on diversity, inclusion, and cultural awareness to help team members understand the value of diverse opinions.
- AWS Skill Builder: Provides learning paths related to effective communication, collaboration, and fostering an inclusive workplace culture.
Monitoring and Feedback Tools
- Amazon QuickSight: Analyzes feedback from team members to track engagement and the effectiveness of diversity initiatives.
- AWS SNS (Simple Notification Service): Sends notifications to promote diversity-related events, workshops, and opportunities to participate in cross-functional collaboration.