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Operational Excellence
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- Resources have identified owners
- Processes and procedures have identified owners
- Operations activities have identified owners responsible for their performance
- Team members know what they are responsible for
- Mechanisms exist to identify responsibility and ownership
- Mechanisms exist to request additions, changes, and exceptions
- Responsibilities between teams are predefined or negotiated
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- Executive Sponsorship
- Team members are empowered to take action when outcomes are at risk
- Escalation is encouraged
- Communications are timely, clear, and actionable
- Experimentation is encouraged
- Team members are encouraged to maintain and grow their skill sets
- Resource teams appropriately
- Diverse opinions are encouraged and sought within and across teams
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- Use version control
- Test and validate changes
- Use configuration management systems
- Use build and deployment management systems
- Perform patch management
- Implement practices to improve code quality
- Share design standards
- Use multiple environments
- Make frequent, small, reversible changes
- Fully automate integration and deployment
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Security
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- Evaluate and implement new security services and features regularly
- Automate testing and validation of security controls in pipelines
- Identify and prioritize risks using a threat model
- Keep up-to-date with security recommendations
- Keep up-to-date with security threats
- Identify and validate control objectives
- Secure account root user and properties
- Separate workloads using accounts
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- Analyze public and cross-account access
- Manage access based on life cycle
- Share resources securely with a third party
- Reduce permissions continuously
- Share resources securely within your organization
- Establish emergency access process
- Define permission guardrails for your organization
- Grant least privilege access
- Define access requirements
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- Build a program that embeds security ownership in workload teams
- Centralize services for packages and dependencies
- Manual code reviews
- Automate testing throughout the development and release lifecycle
- Train for application security
- Regularly assess security properties of the pipelines
- Deploy software programmatically
- Perform regular penetration testing
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Reliability
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- How do you ensure sufficient gap between quotas and maximum usage to accommodate failover?
- How do you automate quota management?
- How do you monitor and manage service quotas?
- How do you accommodate fixed service quotas and constraints through architecture?
- How do you manage service quotas and constraints across accounts and Regions?
- How do you manage service quotas and constraints?
- How do you build a program that embeds reliability into workload teams?
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- How do you enforce non-overlapping private IP address ranges in all private address spaces?
- How do you prefer hub-and-spoke topologies over many-to-many mesh?
- How do you ensure IP subnet allocation accounts for expansion and availability?
- How do you provision redundant connectivity between private networks in the cloud and on-premises environments?
- How do you use highly available network connectivity for workload public endpoints?
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- Monitor end-to-end tracing of requests through your system
- Conduct reviews regularly
- Analytics
- Automate responses (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Send notifications (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Define and calculate metrics (Aggregation)
- Monitor End-to-End Tracing of Requests Through Your System
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- Monitor all components of the workload to detect failures
- Fail over to healthy resources
- Automate healing on all layers
- Rely on the data plane and not the control plane during recovery
- Use static stability to prevent bimodal behavior
- Send notifications when events impact availability
- Architect your product to meet availability targets and uptime service level agreements (SLAs)
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Cost Optimization
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- Establish ownership of cost optimization
- Establish a partnership between finance and technology
- Establish cloud budgets and forecasts
- Implement cost awareness in your organizational processes
- Monitor cost proactively
- Keep up-to-date with new service releases
- Quantify business value from cost optimization
- Report and notify on cost optimization
- Create a cost-aware culture
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- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Analyze all components of this workload
- Perform a thorough analysis of each component
- Select components of this workload to optimize cost in line with organization priorities
- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Select software with cost effective licensing
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Performance
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- Learn about and understand available cloud services and features
- Evaluate how trade-offs impact customers and architecture efficiency
- Use guidance from your cloud provider or an appropriate partner to learn about architecture patterns and best practices
- Factor cost into architectural decisions
- Use policies and reference architectures
- Use benchmarking to drive architectural decisions
- Use a data-driven approach for architectural choices
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- Use purpose-built data store that best support your data access and storage requirements
- Collect and record data store performance metrics
- Evaluate available configuration options for data store
- Implement Strategies to Improve Query Performance in Data Store
- Implement data access patterns that utilize caching
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- Understand how networking impacts performance
- Evaluate available networking features
- Choose appropriate dedicated connectivity or VPN for your workload
- Use load balancing to distribute traffic across multiple resources
- Choose network protocols to improve performance
- Choose your workload's location based on network requirements
- Optimize network configuration based on metrics
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- Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure workload health and performance
- Use monitoring solutions to understand the areas where performance is most critical
- Define a process to improve workload performance
- Review metrics at regular intervals
- Load test your workload
- Use automation to proactively remediate performance-related issues
- Keep your workload and services up-to-date
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Sustainability
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- Optimize geographic placement of workloads based on their networking requirements
- Align SLAs with sustainability goals
- Optimize geographic placement of workloads based on their networking requirements
- Stop the creation and maintenance of unused assets
- Optimize team member resources for activities performed
- Implement buffering or throttling to flatten the demand curve
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- Optimize software and architecture for asynchronous and scheduled jobs
- Remove or refactor workload components with low or no use
- Optimize areas of code that consume the most time or resources
- Optimize impact on devices and equipment
- Use software patterns and architectures that best support data access and storage patterns
- Remove unneeded or redundant data
- Use technologies that support data access and storage patterns
- Use policies to manage the lifecycle of your datasets
- Use shared file systems or storage to access common data
- Back up data only when difficult to recreate
- Use elasticity and automation to expand block storage or file system
- Minimize data movement across networks
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- Articles coming soon
Implement user experience telemetry
Implementing User Experience Telemetry
User experience telemetry provides deep insights into how customers interact with your application, allowing you to measure and improve the overall user experience. By leveraging tools like Real User Monitoring (RUM) and synthetic transactions, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of both actual user behavior and potential issues before they impact real users.
Real User Monitoring (RUM) for Real-Time Insights
Implement Real User Monitoring (RUM) to gather data on real user interactions with your application. RUM provides insights into how users navigate through your application, the performance they experience, and any challenges they face. This data is invaluable for understanding real-world user experiences, identifying performance bottlenecks, and improving the user journey.
Synthetic Transactions for Proactive Monitoring
Use synthetic transactions to simulate user interactions with your application and detect potential issues before they affect actual users. Synthetic transactions are scripted interactions that test the performance and availability of key application features. By running synthetic transactions regularly, you can proactively identify areas of concern and address them before they degrade the user experience.
Measure and Analyze User Behavior
Track user behaviors, such as page load times, user engagement, click paths, and error rates, to gain a clear picture of user satisfaction. By analyzing these metrics, you can identify where users face difficulties and prioritize improvements to enhance usability and overall satisfaction.
Combine RUM and Synthetic Transactions
Combine Real User Monitoring and synthetic transactions to gain a holistic view of user experience. RUM provides real-world data, while synthetic transactions allow you to test scenarios that may not be captured in typical user behavior. Together, they provide a comprehensive picture of application performance, user engagement, and potential issues.
Use User Experience Metrics to Drive Improvements
Use telemetry data to continuously improve the user experience. Metrics such as page load times, error rates, and user engagement should be monitored to identify areas where the application can be optimized. Regularly reviewing user experience metrics helps teams prioritize improvements that will have the most impact on customer satisfaction.
Supporting Questions
- How is Real User Monitoring (RUM) implemented to gather insights into user interactions?
- How are synthetic transactions used to proactively detect potential issues?
- How is user experience telemetry used to inform improvements in the application?
Roles and Responsibilities
User Experience Analyst
Responsibilities:
- Implement Real User Monitoring (RUM) to track user interactions and gather insights into user behavior.
- Analyze user experience metrics to identify opportunities for improvement.
Quality Assurance Engineer
Responsibilities:
- Design and implement synthetic transactions to simulate user interactions and test application performance.
- Identify and report potential issues detected through synthetic testing.
Product Owner
Responsibilities:
- Use insights from user experience telemetry to prioritize features and improvements that enhance user satisfaction.
- Ensure that both real user interactions and synthetic test results are considered in product decision-making.
Artifacts
- User Experience Telemetry Plan: A document detailing the implementation of RUM and synthetic transactions, including metrics to be tracked and use cases to be simulated.
- User Behavior Dashboard: A visual representation of real user interactions, performance metrics, and engagement data, used to understand the user journey.
- Synthetic Testing Log: A log that records synthetic transaction tests, results, and actions taken to address detected issues.
Relevant AWS Tools
Monitoring and Telemetry Tools
- Amazon CloudWatch RUM: Provides Real User Monitoring to collect data on real user interactions, such as page load times and user journeys, helping to understand user experience.
- AWS X-Ray: Helps trace user requests through the application, providing visibility into how interactions flow and identifying performance issues.
Synthetic Transaction Tools
- Amazon CloudWatch Synthetics: Automates synthetic transactions to simulate user interactions, allowing you to proactively detect issues with key features or services.
- AWS Lambda: Supports running custom scripts to simulate user interactions and automate synthetic testing.
Data Visualization and Analysis Tools
- Amazon QuickSight: Visualizes data from RUM and synthetic transactions, providing insights into user behavior and application performance.
- Amazon Managed Grafana: Integrates with CloudWatch to provide dashboards and alerts that help visualize user experience metrics in real time.
Let me know if this structure meets your requirements or if you need further modifications!