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Operational Excellence
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- Resources have identified owners
- Processes and procedures have identified owners
- Operations activities have identified owners responsible for their performance
- Team members know what they are responsible for
- Mechanisms exist to identify responsibility and ownership
- Mechanisms exist to request additions, changes, and exceptions
- Responsibilities between teams are predefined or negotiated
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- Executive Sponsorship
- Team members are empowered to take action when outcomes are at risk
- Escalation is encouraged
- Communications are timely, clear, and actionable
- Experimentation is encouraged
- Team members are encouraged to maintain and grow their skill sets
- Resource teams appropriately
- Diverse opinions are encouraged and sought within and across teams
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- Use version control
- Test and validate changes
- Use configuration management systems
- Use build and deployment management systems
- Perform patch management
- Implement practices to improve code quality
- Share design standards
- Use multiple environments
- Make frequent, small, reversible changes
- Fully automate integration and deployment
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Security
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- Evaluate and implement new security services and features regularly
- Automate testing and validation of security controls in pipelines
- Identify and prioritize risks using a threat model
- Keep up-to-date with security recommendations
- Keep up-to-date with security threats
- Identify and validate control objectives
- Secure account root user and properties
- Separate workloads using accounts
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- Analyze public and cross-account access
- Manage access based on life cycle
- Share resources securely with a third party
- Reduce permissions continuously
- Share resources securely within your organization
- Establish emergency access process
- Define permission guardrails for your organization
- Grant least privilege access
- Define access requirements
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- Build a program that embeds security ownership in workload teams
- Centralize services for packages and dependencies
- Manual code reviews
- Automate testing throughout the development and release lifecycle
- Train for application security
- Regularly assess security properties of the pipelines
- Deploy software programmatically
- Perform regular penetration testing
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Reliability
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- How do you ensure sufficient gap between quotas and maximum usage to accommodate failover?
- How do you automate quota management?
- How do you monitor and manage service quotas?
- How do you accommodate fixed service quotas and constraints through architecture?
- How do you manage service quotas and constraints across accounts and Regions?
- How do you manage service quotas and constraints?
- How do you build a program that embeds reliability into workload teams?
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- How do you enforce non-overlapping private IP address ranges in all private address spaces?
- How do you prefer hub-and-spoke topologies over many-to-many mesh?
- How do you ensure IP subnet allocation accounts for expansion and availability?
- How do you provision redundant connectivity between private networks in the cloud and on-premises environments?
- How do you use highly available network connectivity for workload public endpoints?
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- Monitor end-to-end tracing of requests through your system
- Conduct reviews regularly
- Analytics
- Automate responses (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Send notifications (Real-time processing and alarming)
- Define and calculate metrics (Aggregation)
- Monitor End-to-End Tracing of Requests Through Your System
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- Monitor all components of the workload to detect failures
- Fail over to healthy resources
- Automate healing on all layers
- Rely on the data plane and not the control plane during recovery
- Use static stability to prevent bimodal behavior
- Send notifications when events impact availability
- Architect your product to meet availability targets and uptime service level agreements (SLAs)
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Cost Optimization
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- Establish ownership of cost optimization
- Establish a partnership between finance and technology
- Establish cloud budgets and forecasts
- Implement cost awareness in your organizational processes
- Monitor cost proactively
- Keep up-to-date with new service releases
- Quantify business value from cost optimization
- Report and notify on cost optimization
- Create a cost-aware culture
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- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Analyze all components of this workload
- Perform a thorough analysis of each component
- Select components of this workload to optimize cost in line with organization priorities
- Perform cost analysis for different usage over time
- Select software with cost effective licensing
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Performance
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- Learn about and understand available cloud services and features
- Evaluate how trade-offs impact customers and architecture efficiency
- Use guidance from your cloud provider or an appropriate partner to learn about architecture patterns and best practices
- Factor cost into architectural decisions
- Use policies and reference architectures
- Use benchmarking to drive architectural decisions
- Use a data-driven approach for architectural choices
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- Use purpose-built data store that best support your data access and storage requirements
- Collect and record data store performance metrics
- Evaluate available configuration options for data store
- Implement Strategies to Improve Query Performance in Data Store
- Implement data access patterns that utilize caching
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- Understand how networking impacts performance
- Evaluate available networking features
- Choose appropriate dedicated connectivity or VPN for your workload
- Use load balancing to distribute traffic across multiple resources
- Choose network protocols to improve performance
- Choose your workload's location based on network requirements
- Optimize network configuration based on metrics
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- Establish key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure workload health and performance
- Use monitoring solutions to understand the areas where performance is most critical
- Define a process to improve workload performance
- Review metrics at regular intervals
- Load test your workload
- Use automation to proactively remediate performance-related issues
- Keep your workload and services up-to-date
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Sustainability
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- Optimize geographic placement of workloads based on their networking requirements
- Align SLAs with sustainability goals
- Optimize geographic placement of workloads based on their networking requirements
- Stop the creation and maintenance of unused assets
- Optimize team member resources for activities performed
- Implement buffering or throttling to flatten the demand curve
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- Optimize software and architecture for asynchronous and scheduled jobs
- Remove or refactor workload components with low or no use
- Optimize areas of code that consume the most time or resources
- Optimize impact on devices and equipment
- Use software patterns and architectures that best support data access and storage patterns
- Remove unneeded or redundant data
- Use technologies that support data access and storage patterns
- Use policies to manage the lifecycle of your datasets
- Use shared file systems or storage to access common data
- Back up data only when difficult to recreate
- Use elasticity and automation to expand block storage or file system
- Minimize data movement across networks
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- Articles coming soon
Team members know what they are responsible for
Ensuring Team Members Understand Their Responsibilities
Ensuring that team members fully understand their responsibilities and their role in contributing to business outcomes is key to optimizing efficiency and effectiveness. When team members know the impact of their role, they can prioritize tasks appropriately and take ownership of their contributions to the overall success of the organization.
Define Roles and Responsibilities Clearly
Define roles and responsibilities clearly for each team member. This includes detailing specific tasks, expected outcomes, and the impact of each role on broader business goals. When team members have a clear understanding of their responsibilities, they are better equipped to focus their efforts and deliver results that align with business objectives.
Align Tasks with Business Outcomes
Help team members understand how their specific tasks and responsibilities contribute to overall business outcomes. This alignment fosters a sense of purpose, making it easier for individuals to understand the importance of their role and stay motivated. Clearly linking day-to-day activities to business goals enables team members to make decisions that are in the best interest of the organization.
Encourage Ownership and Accountability
Encourage team members to take ownership of their responsibilities and hold themselves accountable for their tasks. By fostering an environment of ownership, individuals are more likely to prioritize effectively and respond to business needs in a timely manner. Ownership also promotes a culture of continuous improvement as team members actively seek ways to enhance their contributions.
Provide Ongoing Feedback and Support
Provide ongoing feedback and support to help team members fulfill their responsibilities effectively. Regular performance reviews, one-on-one meetings, and constructive feedback help individuals understand how well they are meeting expectations and where they can improve. Offering support when needed helps team members overcome challenges and reinforces their role in achieving business outcomes.
Supporting Questions
- How are individual roles and responsibilities communicated to team members?
- How do team members align their day-to-day tasks with broader business outcomes?
- What mechanisms are in place for providing feedback and support to team members?
Roles and Responsibilities
Team Member
Responsibilities:
- Understand and execute tasks that contribute to the success of business outcomes.
- Prioritize activities based on their impact on business goals.
Team Lead
Responsibilities:
- Clearly communicate roles and responsibilities to team members.
- Ensure alignment between individual tasks and broader business outcomes.
Manager
Responsibilities:
- Provide ongoing feedback and support to team members to help them fulfill their responsibilities effectively.
- Encourage accountability and recognize individual contributions to business outcomes.
Artifacts
- Role Responsibility Matrix: A document detailing the roles, tasks, and responsibilities of each team member.
- Task Alignment Guide: A guide showing how specific tasks align with overall business outcomes.
- Feedback and Support Records: Records documenting feedback sessions, support provided, and progress made by team members.
Relevant AWS Tools
Team Communication and Alignment Tools
- Amazon Chime: Facilitates team communication, including meetings, to clarify roles and responsibilities.
- AWS WorkDocs: Enables document sharing and collaboration, ensuring team members have access to role definitions and task alignment guides.
Task Management and Accountability Tools
- AWS Systems Manager: Provides centralized operational data and tools for managing tasks and responsibilities, promoting ownership and accountability.
- AWS CloudWatch: Monitors activities and provides performance metrics that can be used to assess how well team members are meeting responsibilities.
Feedback and Support Tools
- Amazon Connect: Provides a communication platform that can be used for one-on-one meetings and feedback sessions.
- AWS Personal Health Dashboard: Keeps team members informed of events that may affect their work, helping them adjust priorities accordingly.